It explains all the topics clearly and in a simple way, so students can understand even the tough concepts. The book is divided into two parts. Part 1 has chapters like electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic waves, while Part 2 includes optics, modern physics, and semiconductors.
Each chapter has clear explanations, diagrams, solved examples, and practice questions. Most questions in the board exam come directly from this book. And you can even download 12th physics textbook PDF for official CBSE or NCERT websites.
If students focus on this book, they can score good marks in their board exams and also get ready for competitive exams like JEE or NEET.
Chapters in Class 12 Physics NCERT
Let us go through each chapter of Physics Part 1 and Part 2 one by one:
PART 1:
Chapters in Physics NCERT class 12 PDF Part 1 are:
- Electric Charges and Fields
This chapter deals with the basics of electric charges and how they interact with each other. It also covers concepts like electric field lines and their properties.
- Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Here, you'll learn about electric potential, capacitance, and how capacitors store electric charge. It explains how energy is stored in capacitors and how they are used in various applications.
- Current Electricity
This chapter focuses on the flow of electric current in conductors, Ohm's law, and electrical circuits. It covers topics like resistors, series and parallel circuits, and the factors affecting electrical resistance.
- Moving Charges and Magnetism
It explores the relationship between moving charges and magnetism. You'll learn about magnetic fields produced by moving charges and how they interact with other magnetic fields.
- Magnetism and Matter
This chapter explains the behavior of magnetic materials in magnetic fields. It covers topics like magnetic properties of materials, magnetic domains, and how materials respond to external magnetic fields.
- Electromagnetic Induction
Here, you'll study how a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) and generates electric currents. It includes Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction and Lenz's law.
- Alternating Current
It introduces alternating current (AC), its generation, and its properties. You'll learn about AC circuits, impedance, resonance, and the differences between AC and DC (direct current).
- Electromagnetic Waves
This chapter discusses electromagnetic waves, including their properties, propagation, and electromagnetic spectrum. It covers topics like wavelength, frequency, and applications of electromagnetic waves in communication and technology.
PART 2
Below are the chapters you shall find in Physics NCERT class 12 pdf part 2
- Ray Optics & Optical Instruments
Covers how light travels in straight lines, principles of reflection and refraction, image formation by lenses and mirrors, and optical instruments like microscopes, telescopes, and the human eye.
- Wave Optics
Deals with phenomena that require light’s wave nature like interference (two-slit experiments), diffraction (light bending around obstacles), and polarization (orientation of light waves).
- Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter
Introduces quantum concepts: light behaving both as waves and particles (photons), photoelectric effect, and de Broglie hypothesis relating wavelength to particle momentum.
- Atoms
Focuses on atomic structure models (Bohr’s model), quantization of energy, spectral lines, and how electrons in atoms emit or absorb light in discrete packets.
- Nuclei
Explores composition and properties of the atomic nucleus, concepts like nuclear binding energy, radioactivity (α, β, γ decays), and nuclear fission/fusion processes.
- Semiconductor Electronics
Explains semiconductors (e.g. silicon, germanium), intrinsic and doped materials (n-type and p-type), p–n junctions, diodes, transistors, logic gates, and simple electronic circuits.
Tips to Score 90+ in Physics Board Exam
Scoring 90+ in Physics in the Class 12 board exam is definitely possible with the right strategy, smart preparation, and consistent effort. Physics is a subject that combines theoretical concepts with numerical problem-solving, so balancing both is the key to success.
Here are some effective tips to help you achieve a high score:
- Read each line of the NCERT class 12 Physics book PDF carefully. Highlight important points, definitions, and formulas. Try to understand the concepts instead of just memorizing them. Practice all NCERT solved examples and end-of-chapter exercises, as similar types of questions are often asked in the board exams.
- Physics has many formulas, so make a separate notebook for all important formulas and laws. Revise them regularly to keep them fresh in your memory. Try to understand the meaning and application of each formula rather than rote learning.
- Don’t skip conceptual understanding. If your basics are clear, solving numericals becomes much easier. Use visual aids like diagrams, flowcharts, and videos to grasp tough concepts like electromagnetic induction or wave optics.
- Solve numerical problems every day to build speed and accuracy. Start with simple problems and then move to complex ones. Focus on units, conversions, and significant figures, as marks can be lost in careless mistakes.
- Practice at least 5–10 previous years’ question papers and sample papers. This helps you get familiar with the exam pattern, types of questions asked, and time management. Try to solve these papers within the actual exam time to improve speed.
- Write your answers neatly and draw diagrams wherever needed. Label all parts clearly and use a pencil for diagrams. Write definitions and laws in a structured way, and highlight key points. Good presentation helps in fetching better marks.
- Consistent revision is essential. Make a weekly revision plan and follow it strictly. Revise important topics, formulas, and derivations again and again so they stay fresh in your mind till the exam day.
- Don’t panic during the exam. Read each question carefully and attempt the ones you’re most confident about first. Manage your time wisely and keep 15 minutes at the end for revision.
- If you get stuck with a concept or a problem, ask your teacher or friends without delay. Don’t let your doubts pile up, as they may affect your understanding of other related topics.
The Class 12 NCERT Physics book is the most helpful book for board exam preparation. It is written in easy language and covers the full CBSE syllabus. The chapters are arranged in a proper way and include everything a student needs to learn like theory, formulas, diagrams, and questions.
If students read this book carefully and revise it regularly, they can build strong concepts and solve questions easily in the exam. Many times, the board exam questions come directly from this book or are very similar.
This is why teachers always say that students should read NCERT line by line and solve all the examples and exercises. So, if you want to do well in Physics, download the 12th physics textbook PDF today. It is your best guide for learning, understanding, and scoring high marks.